Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Nigeria

Authors

  • Emmanuel Ademola Anigilaje Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  • Joseph Othniel Dabit Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  • Nnamdi Okechukwu Nweke Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  • Augustine Aondohemba Agbedeh Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6131

Keywords:

cytomegalovirus, HIV, infants, prevalence, risk factors, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection increases morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. There has been no study on CMV infection and its risk factors among Nigerian HIV-infected and/or HIV-exposed uninfected infants.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional cohort study at the Federal Medical Center, Makurdi, between January 2012 and March 2013. Acute CMV infection among consecutive three-month- old HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected infants was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM). The relationship between acute CMV infections in the infants and the potential risk factors was tested using logistic regression analyses.

Results: The prevalence of acute CMV infection was 41.4% (91/220), including 12.1% (11/91) and 87.9% (80/91) among the HIV-infected and the HIV-exposed uninfected infants, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, oropharyngeal candidiasis in the infants, HIV co-infection in the infants, maternal mastitis during breastfeeding, and the absence of maternal chronic CMV infections significantly increased the risk of acute CMV in the young infants.

Conclusions: In our setting, concerted efforts to prevent and/or promptly treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and mastitis during breastfeeding may reduce the burden of CMV among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected infants. Public enlightenment on the mode of CMV transmission and its prevention is also important.

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Published

2015-09-27

How to Cite

1.
Anigilaje EA, Dabit JO, Nweke NO, Agbedeh AA (2015) Prevalence and risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Nigeria. J Infect Dev Ctries 9:977–987. doi: 10.3855/jidc.6131

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Section

Original Articles