Cardiovascular risks in Asian HIV-infected patients receiving boosted-protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment

Authors

  • Sakaewan Ounjaijean NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9067-2051
  • Kanokwan Kulprachakarn NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-0704
  • Linda Aurpibul Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Substance Use, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0246-8187
  • Quanhathai Kaewpoowat Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-3552
  • Kongsak Boonyapranai NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-7709
  • Romanee Chaiwarith Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-5954
  • Supapong Arwon Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
  • Khuanchai Supparatpinyo Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Substance Use, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-4826
  • Kittipan Rerkasem NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12864

Keywords:

Cardiovascular disease, HIV, antiretroviral therapy, protease inhibitors, inflammation, endothelial function

Abstract

Introduction: Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients was tought to be the cause of multiple mechanistic factors, which changing the HIV care landscape. Antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially protease inhibitors (PI), is one of common HIV treatments that may have some association with this. The mechanism of PI in comparison to other regimens, however, are not clearly understood.

Methodology: Age-and gender-match HIV-infected patients treated with either boosted-PI-based regimen (boosted-PI group, N=30) or NNRTI-based ART (non-PI group, N = 30) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Parameters determined cardiovascular risks, inflammation, endothelial function, and bone metabolic function were evaluated.

Results: Compared with non-PI, patients in the boosted-PI group had more evidence of dyslipidemia. No statistical difference in the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was found between the two groups. Circulating levels of inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) (5.4±9.1 vs. 14.9 ± 19.4 mg/L, p = 0.019) and lectin-liked oxidized lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) (387 ± 299 vs. 554 ± 324 pg/mL, p = 0.042) were lower in boosted-PI group. Contrastingly, Vascular adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1) (160.2 ± 80.0 vs. 147.8 ± 66.3 ng/mL, p = 0.010), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (153.7 ± 57.1 vs. 126.4 ± 35.8, p = 0.031) were higher. After adjustment in the multivariate analysis, PI treatment is the only independent parameter associated with the changes of CRP, LOX-1, VCAM-1, and OPG. Subgroup analysis showed that ARV treatment effects differed among participant having dyslipidemia.

Conclusions: The major mechanism in which PI-mediated was triggering atherogenesis could be through alteration of lipid metabolism and endothelial function, but no evidence of accelerated pro-inflammatory response was attested.

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Published

2021-03-07

How to Cite

1.
Ounjaijean S, Kulprachakarn K, Aurpibul L, Kaewpoowat Q, Boonyapranai K, Chaiwarith R, Arwon S, Supparatpinyo K, Rerkasem K (2021) Cardiovascular risks in Asian HIV-infected patients receiving boosted-protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dev Ctries 15:289–296. doi: 10.3855/jidc.12864

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Original Articles